Die Rolle der Hieroglyphen: Schlüssel zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Ägypten

Das Alte Ägypten fasziniert bis heute durch seine beeindruckenden Bauwerke, komplexen religiösen Vorstellungen und eine einzigartige schriftliche Kultur. Ein zentraler Aspekt, der das Verständnis dieser alten Zivilisation wesentlich vertieft, sind die Hieroglyphen – eine komplexe Bilderschrift, die sowohl als Kommunikationsmittel als auch als Symbol für Macht und Glauben diente. Um die kulturelle Bedeutung der Hieroglyphen vollständig zu erfassen, lohnt es sich, ihre historische Entwicklung, ihre symbolische Tiefe und die modernen Zugänge zu ihrer Erforschung genauer zu betrachten. Wer mehr über die faszinierende Welt der ägyptischen Schrift erfahren möchte, findet auf „Die Geheimnisse des Alten Ägypten: Von Pyramiden bis zu modernen Abenteuern“ eine umfassende Einführung.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Entstehung und historische Entwicklung der Hieroglyphen
  2. Symbolik und religiöse Bedeutung
  3. Technologische Aspekte des Schreibens und Decodierens
  4. Moderne Forschung und kulturelle Bedeutung
  5. Verbindung zu Kunst, Architektur und Literatur
  6. Einfluss auf die heutige Welt und Kultur
  7. Zukunft der Hieroglyphenforschung

1. Entstehung und historische Entwicklung der Hieroglyphen

Die Hieroglyphen entstanden vermutlich um 3300 v. Chr. im alten Ägypten und markieren den Beginn einer der ältesten bekannten Schriftsysteme der Menschheit. Ursprünglich waren sie eine Kombination aus Bildsymbolen, die konkrete Gegenstände oder abstrakte Konzepte darstellten. Im Verlauf der Jahrhunderte entwickelten sich diese Symbole zu einer komplexen Schrift, die in Tempeln, Grabstätten und offiziellen Dokumenten Verwendung fand. Besonders beeindruckend ist die Fähigkeit, mit den Hieroglyphen sowohl die religiösen als auch die gesellschaftlichen Strukturen zu kodieren, was ihre Bedeutung für das kulturelle Gedächtnis des Alten Ägypten unterstreicht.

2. Symbolik und religiöse Bedeutung der Hieroglyphen

In der ägyptischen Religion hatten Hieroglyphen eine tief verwurzelte symbolische Bedeutung. Sie galten als heilig und wurden oft in Tempeln, auf Amuletten und in Papyri verwendet, um göttliche Kräfte zu manifestieren und den Glauben an das Jenseits zu stärken. So sind viele Hieroglyphen mit mythologischen Symbolen verbunden, die die Schöpfungsgeschichten und die Macht der Götter illustrierten. Besonders in Gräbern dienten die Hieroglyphen dazu, die Seele des Verstorbenen auf ihrem Weg ins Jenseits zu begleiten und zu schützen. Ihre kunstvolle Gestaltung und die enge Verbindung zu religiösen Ritualen machen sie zu einem wesentlichen Bestandteil der ägyptischen Kulturidentität.

3. Technologische Aspekte des Schreibens und Decodierens

Das Schreiben der Hieroglyphen erforderte spezielle Materialien wie Kalkstein, Papyrus, Tinte und Werkzeuge wie Meißel und Pinsel. Die Kunst des Schnitzens und Malens war hoch spezialisiert, was sich in der kunstvollen Ausführung der Hieroglyphen widerspiegelt. Die Entschlüsselung der Hieroglyphen wurde im 19. Jahrhundert durch Jean-François Champollion möglich, der die Bedeutung der Zeichen anhand der berühmten Rosetta-Stele entschlüsselte. Mit modernen technologischen Methoden wie Digitalisierungsverfahren, 3D-Scans und KI-basierten Übersetzungsprogrammen gewinnt die Hieroglyphen-Forschung heute neue Dimensionen, die das Verständnis der alten Texte vertiefen.

4. Moderne Forschung und kulturelle Bedeutung

Archäologische Entdeckungen, wie die Ausgrabungen in Deir el-Bahari oder der Fund des Schatzes von Tutanchamun, haben das Wissen um die Hieroglyphen erheblich erweitert. In der heutigen Bildungsarbeit werden Hieroglyphen häufig in Museen, Schulprojekten und digitaler Form vermittelt, um das Interesse an der ägyptischen Kultur lebendig zu halten. Digitale Rekonstruktionen, Virtual-Reality-Anwendungen und interaktive Lernprogramme ermöglichen es, die Schrift für eine breitere Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und ihre Bedeutung für das kulturelle Erbe zu bewahren.

5. Verbindung zu Kunst, Architektur und Literatur

Hieroglyphen sind untrennbar mit der ägyptischen Kunst verbunden. Wandmalereien in Tempeln, Skulpturen und Schmuckstücke sind oft mit hieroglyphischen Texten verziert, die Geschichten erzählen oder göttliche Segen erbitten. Auch die Architektur der Tempel ist durch Hieroglyphen geprägt, die die Bauwerke nicht nur funktional, sondern auch ästhetisch bereichern. In der ägyptischen Literatur und Poesie spiegeln die Hieroglyphen die tiefe religiöse und kulturelle Welt wider und sind ein Zeugnis ihrer vielfältigen Ausdrucksformen.

6. Einfluss auf die heutige Welt und Kultur

Die Symbolik der Hieroglyphen inspiriert heute Künstler, Designer und Medienproduzenten. Ihre ästhetische Kraft findet sich in Logos, Tattoos und in der zeitgenössischen Kunst wieder. In Filmen, Büchern und Ausstellungen wird die mystische Welt des alten Ägypten wieder lebendig, was das Interesse an der Kultur und deren Sprache auch in der modernen Popkultur erhält. Das Studium der Hieroglyphen fördert zudem das Verständnis für kulturelle Vielfalt und historische Kontinuität.

7. Zukunft der Hieroglyphenforschung

Mit fortschreitender Technologie eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten, die Hieroglyphen zu erforschen. Künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen ermöglichen die automatische Übersetzung und Rekonstruktion alter Texte, was bisher unzugängliche Dokumente zugänglich macht. Zudem trägt die Zusammenarbeit internationaler Forschungsteams dazu bei, die kulturelle Bedeutung der Hieroglyphen noch umfassender zu erfassen. Diese Entwicklungen sichern, dass das Wissen um die Schrift und ihre vielfältigen Funktionen weiterhin lebendig bleibt und in den Kontext der globalen Geschichtsforschung integriert wird.

Insgesamt sind die Hieroglyphen nicht nur ein faszinierendes Schriftmedium, sondern auch ein integraler Bestandteil der kulturellen Identität und Geschichte des Alten Ägypten. Ihr Studium verbindet wissenschaftliche Präzision mit künstlerischer Schönheit und bietet wertvolle Einblicke in die Welt einer der beeindruckendsten Zivilisationen der Menschheit.

Die Bedeutung von Glückssymbolen in verschiedenen Spielphasen: Eine vertiefte Betrachtung

Das Verständnis für die Rolle von Symbolen in Spielautomaten und anderen Glücksspielen ist vielfältig und reicht weit über die reine Optik hinaus. Besonders interessant ist die Frage, inwieweit Glückssymbole in verschiedenen Phasen eines Spiels auftreten können und wie sie das Spielerlebnis beeinflussen. Im Folgenden wird eine tiefgehende Analyse dieser Thematik vorgenommen, die auf den Grundlagen des Können spezielle Symbole in Basisphasen erscheinen? Ein Blick auf Glückssymbole in modernen Spielen aufbaut.

1. Übergang von spezifischen zu allgemeinen Glückssymbolen in der Spielentwicklung

In der Entwicklung moderner Spielautomaten haben Entwickler zunehmend den Trend erkannt, von festen, spezifischen Symbolen hin zu einer flexibleren Verwendung von Glückssymbolen zu wechseln. Während klassische Spielautomaten oft auf festgelegte Symbole wie Hufeisen, Kleeblätter oder Glückszahlen setzten, ermöglichen moderne Designs eine dynamische Platzierung und Verwendung von Symbolen, die in verschiedenen Spielphasen unterschiedliche Bedeutungen tragen können.

Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die Einführung von sogenannten „Wildcard“-Symbolen, die in bestimmten Phasen des Spiels auftauchen und dann das Glücksgefühl verstärken. Diese Entwicklung trägt dazu bei, die Spannung während des Spiels aufrechtzuerhalten und den Spielern subtil positive Assoziationen mit den Symbolen zu vermitteln.

2. Bedeutung der Symbolplatzierung in unterschiedlichen Spielphasen für das Glücksgefühl

Die Platzierung der Glückssymbole innerhalb eines Spiels ist entscheidend für die Wahrnehmung und das subjektive Glücksgefühl der Spieler. In frühen Phasen, etwa beim Einstieg in den Spielautomat, können bestimmte Symbole wie Sterne oder Glückszahlen gezielt positioniert werden, um eine positive Grundstimmung zu erzeugen.

In späteren Phasen, beispielsweise bei Bonus- oder Freispielrunden, treten häufig speziellere oder seltene Symbole auf, die die Erwartung auf einen großen Gewinn steigern. Die intelligente Anordnung dieser Symbole kann das Gefühl verstärken, dass das Glück auf der eigenen Seite steht, was die Motivation erhöht, weiterzuspielen.

3. Zusammenfassung: Wie die Kenntnis um Glückssymbole das Verständnis für Spielmechanismen vertieft

„Das bewusste Einsetzen und die strategische Platzierung von Glückssymbolen in unterschiedlichen Spielphasen sind Schlüsselmechanismen, um das Spielerlebnis emotional zu bereichern und die Wahrnehmung von Glück maßgeblich zu beeinflussen.“

Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Glückssymbole nicht nur dekorative Elemente sind, sondern integrale Bestandteile der Spielmechanik, die in allen Phasen eines Spiels auftreten können. Das Verständnis dieser Dynamik ermöglicht es Spielern, das Spielgeschehen bewusster zu interpretieren und die eigenen Emotionen gezielt zu steuern.

Weitere Informationen und eine vertiefte Betrachtung finden Sie im oben verlinkten Beitrag, der eine fundierte Grundlage für das Verständnis der symbolischen Gestaltung in modernen Spielen bietet.

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TRANSFORMATION FOR WHOM? On the Corporate Capture of the UN Food Systems Summit

JUNE 8, 2021

Delivered by Sylvia Mallari, PCFS Global Co-chairperson for the event “The Future of Seeds in the UN Food Systems Summit,” held 6 May 2021. The event was organized by Global Coalition of Open Source Seeds Initiatives (GOSSI) and farmer-scientist network MASIPAG.

Last 2019, in the plenary of the 46th Session of the UN Committee on Food Security, UN Secretary General Gutérres announced the convening of a UN Food Systems Summit in 2021. While the premise is true – that transforming the food systems is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals – the content of the proposals and the process of obtaining them are largely decided behind closed doors and, as is apparent, being taken over by corporate interests.

In September, the UN will hold what it now calls a “people’s summit” to “launch bold actions to deliver progress on all 17 SDGs.” It has 5 Action Tracks to support its goals, identify solutions and leaders, and ultimately guide governments and “stakeholders” in accelerating progress of the SDGs.

Transforming unjust, inequitable, unhealthy, and unsustainable food systems

The relevance of a Food Systems Summit and making radical changes in our current food system cannot be more stark than today.

Since 2015, hunger and famines in absolute terms have continued to rise. This is amid the year upon year record highs in production. Moreover, malnutrition, including obesity, in its manifold forms is a worsening global health crisis[i]. More than half the world can’t have access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food.

And as the COVID-19 pandemic hit, more than a billion people and counting have been sliding back to chronic hunger and undernutrition. The fragile global food system has failed to temper minor disruptions in supply chains to protect producers and consumers alike against rising prices of goods, volatility in staples, and so-called market shocks. All the while, food and agriculture multinationals are raking in profits and wealthy nations are hoarding foreign lands and food futures.

Owners of Cargill, one of the largest agricultural trading monopolies globally and a staunch partner of the World Economic Forum, now have a combined net worth of $47 billion and minted four new billionaires amid the pandemic[ii]. Similarly, agritrade monopolies ADM, Bunge, and Dreyfus and COSCO all posted huge earnings amid a global food crisis. US billionaires[iii] involved in global food and agriculture trade gained a weighted average of $2.2 billion and an average of $807 million each in just a year since COVID-19 affected the world.

This, at the backdrop of a worsening climate emergency. The respite that COVID-19, and the restrictions at its wake, has forced upon us isn’t even enough to mitigate the depths of which we have breached our planet’s boundaries. Decades of “sustainable intensification” have deforested wildlife areas, collapsed fish stocks, and eroded environmental boundaries. At the losing end of the straw are poor people of the Global South still, as major catastrophes of locusts, typhoons, and earthquakes threaten their lives and livelihoods.

Truly, there is an urgent and life-saving need to transform the global food system – a need to radically change the food system to serve the people’s needs and aspirations as well as address climate change.

Corporate Capture or Corporate Planning?

From the get-go, movements have rightly pointed out concerns regarding the timing of the announcement. In 2019, the UN entered into a strategic partnership with the World Economic Forum or the WEF. Given how WEF, the biggest corporate lobby of billionaires, has been bankrolling and encroaching on civil society spaces in food and agriculture in the last decade, we at PCFS raised the alarm of a possible ‘corporate hijack’ of the UNFSS.

In our petition, which was signed by hundreds of CSO actors, we point out that, “The WEF – an organized global platform in which the world’s corporate giants, plutocrats and heads of states converge to promote the corporate agenda in the guise of ‘improving the state of the world’ – aims to cement its dictate through the recalibration of our food systems and agriculture.” Despite other organizations raising the same concern, we heard no reply from UN officials.

That’s why when the UN and the proponents of the UNFSS last year appointed Agnes Kalibata – the former head of the Bill Gates-funded Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa – as the Special Envoy, it drew the ire of broad civil society organizations.

Known as the champion of GM Seeds and fossil-fuel hungry agriculture, AGRA and its funders have pushed for “sustainable intensification” in the continent. It advocated for privatization of seeds and field testings of genetically modified crops done through so-called ‘private-public partnerships’. While it failed miserably in delivering its promise of better yields and higher incomes for farmers in Africa[iv], it succeeded in proliferating chemical-intensive agriculture, lobbying for pro-corporate legislation, reducing crop diversity, and shackling small farmers to debt bondage – all to the benefit of international seed and fertilizer monopolies.

In addition to putting Kalibata, and by association the ideology of AGRA, at the helm of the UNFSS, some of the announced initial committee members of the summit’s working groups were the same names behind controversial, if not outright pro-corporate, solutions in the past. A sordid mix of GM seed lobbyists like CropLife, landgrabbing enablers, cartel associations, and WEF-funded NGOs were handpicked to lead the Summit through an opaque process of selection.

Most notable of these is the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition or GAIN. To head Action Track 1 or “ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all” is the leading think tank for biofortification campaigns through private-public partnerships. This GM and patented seeds lobby, which is involved in at least seven biofortification projects, is in fact co-founded and funded by no less than Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation[v]. Not only are they leading the charge in shaping the agenda and defining “safe and nutritious food for all,” GAIN’s officers and board members currently chair the Science Group and part of the Champions Group of the Summit[vi].

While much can be said about the others, these two examples alone paint a broad picture of how the Summit will proceed and which voices it is predisposed to listen to.

HUMAN RIGHTS AS A LEVER NOT FRONT AND CENTER

With corporations, their lobbyists, and champions at the top of the Summit, it is no surprise to anyone that most of the proposals we hear from its officials are market-based solutions aimed at “mobilizing private sector innovation” and technological fixes often hidden behind private patents.

In fact, neoliberal solutions such as “sustainable intensification” and “climate-smart agriculture” are currently some of the most salient and well-promoted proposals, even by the Special Envoy[vii][viii]. These agricultural policies that rely heavily on fossil fuel intensive inputs are being rebranded as “nature positive” solutions despite evidence to the contrary.

Worse, human rights and the human right to food were absent in the key documents of the Summit up until CSOs and the UN Special Rapporteur to the right to food Michael Fakhri have intervened. While human rights have rightfully made its way into the text and materials of the Summit, it remains to be missing in the front and center of its aims.

Moreover, the peasant right to land and resources, people’s right to development and self-determination remain absent, if not deliberately excluded, in the Summit documents.

With just months away from the Summit, the process and selection criteria for filtering the alleged thousands of “innovative” solutions that the proponents are getting from its Dialogues and foras remain opaque. Vague corporatized criteria of “impact at scale, actionable, and sustainable” present in current documents do not inspire confidence that community-led solutions such as agroecology and food sovereignty will even make the cut.

RIGHTSHOLDERS OR STAKEHOLDERS?

At the back of this all is a significant change in language and process within multilateral agencies as reflected in the Food Systems Summit. The seeming sidelining, if not disregard, of already established engagement forums for food and agriculture such as the Civil Society and Indigenous Peoples’ Mechanism (CSM) for relations with the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) to create a supranational “multi-stakeholder” body can and should be seen as a deliberate choice. A choice that exposes a shift towards private sector-centered, if not led, efforts in shaping global policies.

Ultimately, the corporate capture of the UNFSS represents a milestone in the transition of global multilateralism. It is setting a dangerous precedent in global agenda-setting and governance.

Instead of democratically elected governments, civil society organizations, and people’s associations at the helm of agenda-setting, profit-hungry corporations are given seats at the table and, in turn, undue influence at policy-making.

By framing rightsholders such as farmers and food producers, citizens, the hungry, the marginalized, the dispossessed as “stakeholders,” it obscures the global obligations and rights attached to these sectors.

Additionally, by framing dutybearers such as states and global governance mechanisms as “stakeholders,” it runs the risk of covering up responsibility and accountability.

In effect, the private sector and their corporate lobbies coming in as one of the “stakeholders” make their increasing involvement more ubiquitous, benign, and justified. It blurs the line between corporations, people, and governments. It obscures who regulates what and who is accountable to whom.

While corporations gaining ground in policy spaces is nothing new, the comfortable shift of multilateralism to multistakeholderism in the course of the UNFSS is alarming. Clearly fashioned and tuned to the World Economic Forum’s Global Redesign Initiative and its recent Great Reset, it adds to the increasing “multistakeholder” bodies taking over global governance. A governance and social innovation model where risks are socialized siphoning official aid and concerted public efforts – and where profits and gains are privatized.

The corporate capture of the UN FSS represents an ideological justification to our lived reality: that corporations own and control the means, processes and resources in food and agriculture. That billionaires from imperialist countries are more powerful than elected governments and civil societies combined in shaping global policies. That our food systems are not meant to serve the needs and aspirations of the people but is solely run by and subservient to the profit-motive.

It’s an open admission of defeat for multilateral agencies and a death threat to the hungry people’s of the world, its food producers, and our planet.

“TRANSFORMATION FOR WHOM?”

So what is at stake at the UNFSS?

In the face of corporate capture in the backdrop of rising global inequality and injustice, the question that we should be asking today is: If the UNFSS is set to “transform food systems” as we know it today, for whom does this “transformation” serve?

UNFSS is shaping to be a step back in building solidarity among social actors to address the root causes of hunger, scarcity, waste, poverty, conflict, and injustice.

For the longest time, civil society and rural food producers have been pushing back against the current unjust, unequal, unhealthy, and unsustainable food system. We have been pushing back the increasing control of corporations and landlords on our lands, seeds, and resources as producers and as people’s of the Global South. We have been pushing back against hunger and poverty, especially in the rural areas, against plunder and colonialism, against neoliberal policies of denationalisation and corporatization of food regimes, against imperialism in food and agriculture.

We have been hungry for change in our relationship with food, health, land, climate, and justice. So it is a welcome development that the United Nations is finally tackling changes in our current food system. But without a radical reorientation, the UNFSS is set to rehash the same neoliberal policies that caused the current crisis.

If it does not change course, the UNFSS will be ‘business as usual with caveats’ at best or a framework to roll back human and people’s rights to the benefit of profits at worst.

As it is, transnational corporations are moving at breakneck speeds in lobbying governments to rollback rights that farmers and food producers have fought hard for.

Loans from the International Monetary Fund earmarked for “recovery” contain, for most, an impetus for austerity measures and further privatization of resources including land. In India, the recently passed Three Farm Acts are set to corporatize agriculture further and backtrack on mandated support to farmers. Bans on highly hazardous pesticides such as glyphosate are being rolled back in countries like Mexico and Thailand.

The hundreds of farmer killings in Colombia and the Philippines last year alone stem from new laws that, in practice, protect corporate plantations, mining, and logging companies from the swelling disapproval of rural communities.

Indeed, there is a need to reclaim our voices in the transformation of the food systems for just, equitable, healthy, and sustainable food systems. There is a need for a Global People’s Summit, one that is rid of corporate interests, which puts the interest of our rights and our commons before profit. ###

TRANSFORMATION FOR WHOM? On the Corporate Capture of the UN Food Systems Summit

زرعی خبریں جنوری 2021

یکم جنوری تا 31 جنوری 2021

زمین

ترجمان سندھ حکومت مرتضی وہاب نے کہا ہے کہ پاکستان آئی لینڈ اتھارٹی آرڈننس 31 دسمبر، 2020 کو ختم ہوگیا ہے۔ تحریک انصاف کی حکومت جانتی ہے کہ اس کے پاس قومی اسمبلی سے اس آرڈننس کی منظوری کے لیے درکار اکثریت نہیں ہے۔ اس آرڈننس پر حکومتی اتحادی بھی اس کا ساتھ نہیں دیں گے۔ انہوں نے مزید کہا کہ یہ آرڈننس ستمبر میں پیش کیا گیا تھا لیکن وفاقی حکومت کے پاس اس آرڈننس کو بطور بل قومی اسمبلی میں پیش کرنے کی استعداد نہیں تھی۔
(بزنس ریکارڈر، 3 جنوری، صفحہ3)

مختلف دیہات کے رہائشیوں نے حکومت کی جانب سے راوی ریور فرنٹ اربن ڈیولپمنٹ پرجیکٹ کے لیے جبراً زمینوں کے حصول کے خلاف احتجاجی مظاہرہ کیا ہے۔ مظاہرین نے حکومت کے خلاف نعرے لگاتے ہوئے عمران خان کو ”لینڈ مافیا کا سرغنہ قرار دیا“۔ مظاہرین کا کہنا تھا کہ اس منصوبے کے لیے مختص کیا جانے والا علاقہ تازہ سبزیوں اور پھلوں کی پیداوار سے مالا مال ہے جہاں سے لاہور سمیت دیگر شہروں میں پھل سبزیاں ترسیل ہوتی ہیں۔ حکمران لینڈ ایکوزیشن ایکٹ کے نام پر ان کی زمین پر قبضے کی کوشش کررہے ہیں جو انہیں منظور نہیں۔ ایک مقامی کاشتکار حاجی عبدالغنی کا کہنا ہے کہ لینڈ ایکوزیشن ایکٹ صرف مفاد عامہ کے لیے زمین حاصل کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔ کوئی قانون یہ اجازت نہیں دیتا کہ مقامی لوگوں کی زمین حاصل کرکے اس پر رہائشی منصوبے بنائے جائیں اور انہیں لینڈ مافیا کے حوالے کردیے جائیں“۔ مظاہرین کا کہنا تھا کہ دریائے راوی سے متصل زمین کو حکومت غلط بیانی کرتے ہوئے بنجر قرار دے رہی ہے۔ انہوں نے مزید کہا کہ ”ہم حکومت سے درخواست کرتے ہیں کہ اس علاقے کا دوبارہ سروے کرنے کے لیے ایک آزاد کمیشن قائم کیا جائے اور دیکھا جائے کہ یہ زمین کتنی زرخیز ہے۔ ہم اپنی زمینیں عوامی مفاد میں نہر اور جھیل کی تعمیر کے لیے دینے کے لیے تیار ہیں، لیکن ہم اپنی زمینیں رہائشی کالونیاں بنانے کے لیے نہیں دیں گے“۔
(ڈان، 25 جنوری، صفحہ2)

زراعت

سندھ آبادگار اتحاد (ایس اے آئی) نے ایران سے ٹماٹر اور پیاز کی درآمد کے خلاف 14 جنوری کو احتجاج کرنے کا اعلان کیا ہے۔ درآمد پر پابندی کا مطالبہ کرتے ہوئے ایس اے آئی کا کہنا ہے کہ دونوں فصلیں تیار ہیں اس کے باجود اب بھی حکومت ٹماٹر اور پیاز درآمد کررہی ہے۔
(ڈان، 8 جنوری، صفحہ15) Continue reading

زرعی خبریں دسمبر 2020

یکم تا 31 دسمبر، 2020

زمین

پنجاب کابینہ نے چولستان اور رحیم یار خان میں متحدہ عرب امارات (یو اے ای) کے صدر کو دی گئی سرکاری زمین کی لیز میں گزشتہ نرخوں پر ہی توسیع دے دی ہے۔ کابینہ کے اجلاس میں وزیر اعلی عثمان بزدار کا کہنا تھا کہ زمین کی لیز میں توسیع کا عمل پاکستان اور متحدہ عرب امارات کے درمیان تعلقات کو مستحکم کرے گا۔ اجلاس میں راوی اربن ڈیولپمنٹ اتھارٹی (آر یو ڈی اے)کی زمین کے حصول کے لیے پانچ بلین روپے قرض اور اس کے ماسٹر پلان کے لیے سرکاری زمین کی منظوری بھی دی گئی ہے۔
(ڈان، 18 دسمبر، صفحہ2)

سندھ یونائیٹڈ پارٹی (ایس یو پی) کے صدر سید جلال محمود شاہ نے کہا ہے کہ وفاقی حکومت نے بڈو اور بنڈل آئی لینڈ سے سندھ اور بلوچستان کے جزائر پر قبضے کا آغاز کردیا ہے۔ پاکستان آئی لینڈ ڈیولپمنٹ اتھارٹی آرڈننس کے حوالے سے ایک روزہ قومی کانفرنس سے خطاب کرتے ہوئے انہوں نے کہا کہ تحریک انصاف کی حکومت 31 اگست کو آئین کو نظرانداز کرتے ہوئے آرڈننس لیکر آئی۔ ”سندھ کے عوام کے ساتھ دھوکہ بازی کرتے ہوئے پیپلز پارٹی اور وفاقی حکومت نے اس آرڈننس کو خفیہ رکھا“۔ اس سے ثابت ہوتا ہے کہ وفاقی حکومت کی سندھ اور بلوچستان کے جزائر پر نظر ہے۔ انہوں نے مزید کہا کہ آئین کی دفعہ 172 (2) اور میری ٹائم ایکٹ 1976 کے تحت یہ واضح ہے کہ سمندر میں 12 بحری میل (ناٹیکل مائل) کے اندر جو بھی معدنیات ہیں وہ صوبے کی ہیں۔
(ڈان، 29 دسمبر، صفحہ13) Continue reading

زرعی خبریں نومبر 2020

یکم نومبر تا 30 نومبر 2020

زمین

کراچی میں بحیرہ عرب کے ساحل کے ساتھ دو چھوٹے جزائر پر چمکتے دمکتے نئے دبئی کی تعمیر کے جھگڑے میں اکثر ان ماہی گیروں کی آواز نہیں سنی جاتی جنہوں نے صدیوں ان پانیوں میں ماہی گیری کی ہے۔ جاموٹ جیٹی، ابراہیم حیدری کے 25 سالہ ماہی گیر شکیل کا کہنا ہے کہ ان جزائر کے اطراف جہاں وہ مچھلی، کیکڑے اور جھینگے پکڑتے ہیں، اب مسلح محافظ گشت کرتے ہیں۔ ”ہم ان پانیوں میں صدیوں سے ماہی گیری کررہے ہیں“۔ لیکن جب انہوں نے حال ہی میں ڈنگی جزیرے کے قریب جانے کی کوشش کی تو مسلح محافظوں نے انہیں پکڑلیا اور مرغا بننے کا حکم دیا۔ ایک ماہ پہلے کراچی میں کورنگی کریک کے قریب بنڈل اور ڈنگی جزائر پر راتوں رات ایک صدارتی آرڈننس کے ذریعے قبضہ کرلیا گیا۔ گورنر سندھ عمران اسماعیل کے مطابق حکومت کا مقصد 50 بلین ڈالر کی سرمایہ کاری سے ایک شہر کی تعمیر ہے جو دبئی کو پیچھے چھوڑ دے اور 150,000 ملازمتیں پیدا کرے۔ لیکن ماہی گیروں کا کہنا ہے کہ 49 کلومیٹر پر پھیلے ان جزائر پر تعمیر ان کا روزگار تباہ کرسکتی ہے۔ مزید یہ کہ ان سے اس معاملے پر مشاورت بھی نہیں کی گئی۔
(ڈان، 4 نومبر، صفحہ3) Continue reading

زرعی خبریں اکتوبر 2020

یکم تا 31 اکتوبر 2020

زمین

سندھ ہائی کورٹ کے سکھر بینچ نے کور کمانڈر کراچی کو ہدایات جاری کی ہیں کہ دریائے سندھ کے ساتھ ہزاروں ایکڑ سرکاری زمین بااثر قبضہ گیروں سے بازیاب کروائی جائے۔ دوران سماعت عدالت نے کہا کہ ”ہزاروں ایکڑ جنگلات کی زمین بااثر افراد کے قبضے میں ہے کیونکہ محکمہ جنگلات اور پولیس حکام نے ان سے ہاتھ ملا رکھا ہے“۔
(ڈان، 2 اکتوبر، صفحہ15) Continue reading

‘Capitalist dominated agriculture system results in food crisis’

Bureau Report Ι 19 Oct 2020

Quoting Pakistan Economic Survey 2019-20, they said the Covid-19 pandemic had a severe negative impact on Pakistani economy and at least another 10 million people were feared to be pushed below the poverty line in the country.

These activists belong to different civil society organisations including Roots for Equity and Pakistan Kisan Mazdoor Tehreek (PKMT), which in collaboration with People’s Coalition for Food Sovereignty, Pesticide Action Network Asia and Pacific and Asian Peasant Coalition marked the World Food Day as “World Hunger Day” on Oct 16 by holding protests and a webinar attended by participants from different cities.

This year’s global campaign focuses on the plight of rural populations during the pandemic and their demands for change in the food and agriculture systems.

Another leader of PKMT from Sahiwal, Mohammad Zaman, stated that according to Pakistan Economic Survey 2019-20, because of the Corona virus around 10 million people were feared to be pushed to living below the poverty line in the country.

He said that in the Global Hunger Index, Pakistan ranked 106 out of 119 countries where consumption of meat, poultry, fish, milk, vegetables and fruits was six to 10 times lower than that of developed countries.

Roots for Equity’s chairperson Dr. Azra Sayeed stated that according to National Nutrition Survey 2018, 53% of children and 44.3% of women in the country are suffering from anemia.

She said that the livestock and dairy sector accounted for 56% of the total agricultural production and majority of the farmers involved in milk and meat production were small scale.

“It consisted of cattle breeders, especially women, who make it possible to produce 60 billion liter of milk annually in the country, but these same rural populations are starving themselves as a result of monopoly of capitalist companies in the food and agriculture sector,” she added.

Another representative of Roots for Equity, Wali Haider, said the domination of imperialist powers over global food and agriculture system had linked the rural economy in the third world countries like Pakistan to the global agriculture market.

“This has resulted in the most important resources like our agriculture produce, our land and water have become a source of surplus profit for multinational corporations,” he said adding that there was an urgent need to change the system where farmers were forced to depend on seeds, chemicals and toxic inputs of multinational companies.

Published in Dawn, October 19th, 2020

https://www.dawn.com/news/1585819

World Food Day marked as world hunger day

Our Correspondent, October 18, 2020
SUKKUR: Roots for Equity and Pakistan Kissan Mazdoor Tehreek (PKMT) in collaboration with People’s Coalition for Food Sovereignty (PCFS), Pesticide Action Network, Asia and Pacific (PAN AP) and Asian Peasant Coalition (APC) marked the World Food Day as World Hunger Day.